Forest Cover Change and Climate Variation in Subtropical Chir Pine Forests of Murree through GIS

Forests are valuable natural resources, beneficial for the storage of carbon, production oxygen, protection soil and controlling water cycle. Despite forests providing different services to environment, they being destroyed at an alarming pace. Forest cover change in Murree, Pakistan over past few years has created climatic issues. There was a research gap on detection forest along with climate variation so there is dire need highlight above problem respective site. Further, it equally important keep eye drivers deforestation give or suggest solutions accordingly curb deforestation. The main objectives this study assess subtropical Chir pine last 20 (2001–2021) correlate variables (minimum maximum temperature precipitation) area during time span (2001–2021). This also intends identify area. Five land-use land-cover (LULC) categories demarcated classified by applying supervised classification technique (MLC) through GIS. accuracy images assessed analyzed using KAPPA analysis agreement image classification. Climatic data interpolated empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) interpolation correlated graphically. Drivers identified questionnaire SPSS. results showed that decreased 8.26% Murree from 2001 2021. Fuelwood (54%), agriculture expansion (22%), timber (16%), urbanization (8%) recorded as (maximum minimum had shown average risen 0.26 °C, 1.71 °C annual rainfall 139.8 mm (2001–2021), showing decline caused increase decrease Murree.